In general, the feature of a substance mostly depends on the shape of its molecules. In a molecule, atoms are arranged according to specific geometric relationships that provide the substance with specific properties.

The geometry of a molecule is also defined by the bond angle: the angle formed by the axis that link together the nuclei of the atoms.

The geometry of a molecule, i.e. the spacial spatial arrangement of its molecular bonds, affects its polar or non-polar nature.

The molecule can be defined as polar when the sum of the dipole moments of its bonds is not zero.

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Example

H2O (water molecule) is polar: the covalent bonds are polar, and the folded shape does not allow them to cancel each other out.