#16 Black core: origins of the defect and problem-solving actions
The black core is a more or less localized area characterized by a brown/black (or even white) color, clearly visible in the thickness of the final ceramic tile. Its presence is usually sign of inadequate oxidation and it has not to be considered a defect that compromise the…
#15 Glazes' repellency phenomena: additives for applications before and after digital printing process
The ink-jet decoration has surely eliminated several critical issues bringing out, however, new and more complex problems. Among them, the most popular concerns the water repellency phenomena that arise due to the lack of chemical compatibility between inks based on non-polar…
#14 Chemicals for ceramic mixtures: an overview
The ceramic mixture usually used in ceramic production, largely consists of inorganic raw materials (clay, feldspar, sand, etc.), grinding water and chemical. These mixtures, since they must be properly managed in the various stages of the production process - from grinding to…
#13 Superficial halos formation during the drying process
As is well known, the ceramic mixture after being atomized is subjected, during the forming phase, to very high pressures (over 400 Kg/cm2) that are necessary for the creation of the ceramic body. The raw tile, even after pressing, contains a water amount (residual humidity)…
#12B Ceramic glaze applications & additives in use
The ceramic glaze application is one of the most delicate steps of the ceramic production process. To get high levels of performance, the glaze must have accurate rheological characteristics that take into account the specific and different application conditions of the…
#12A Ceramic glaze applications & additives in use
The ceramic glaze application is one of the most delicate steps of the ceramic production process. To get high levels of performance, the glaze must have accurate rheological characteristics that take into account the specific and different application conditions of the…